Actividad cicatrizante de seis extractos hidroalcohólicos de plantas en heridas incisas de Rattus norvegicus albinus
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Date
2020-05-01
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Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Abstract
Introducción: En la medicina militar, los agentes cicatrizantes naturales frente a heridas por incisión
son relevantes en el tratamiento de los militares.
Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad cicatrizante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de Peperomia congona
Sodiro (congona), Annona muricata L. (guanábana), Urtica urens L. (ortiga),Ormosia coccinea (Aubl)
Jacks (huayruro), Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. (tuna) y Musa acuminata Colla (plátano bellaco) en
heridas incisas de Rattus norvegicus albinus (rata albina).
Métodos: Estudio analítico experimental de tipo prospectivo y longitudinal. Se realizó el análisis
fitoquímico preliminar de los 6 extractos. Se emplearon 80 ratas albinas machos, aleatorizadas y
distribuidas en 8 grupos (n = 10). Se realizó una aplicación dermal durante 10 días consecutivos
posteriores a la generación de heridas incisas que se realizaron en el dorso. Grupo I (cloruro de sodio al
0,9 %). Grupo II (gel cicatrizante comercial). Del Grupo III al VIII fueron tratados con extracto hidroalcohólico de congona, guanábana, ortiga, huairuro, tuna y plátano bellaco respectivamente. La
evolución de la cicatrización fue seguida en los días 1, 5 y 11 y medida en milímetros.
Resultados: Se detectó la presencia de alcaloides, compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides en los 6
extractos; además de cumarinas en congona, taninos en guanábana, ortiga, tuna y huayruro, y quinonas
en guanábana y plátano bellaco. Se comprobó la actividad cicatrizante en los extractos de guanábana
(69,77 %), tuna (66,27 %), plátano bellaco (64,38 %), ortiga (56,73 %), congona (55,74 %) y huayruro
(54,50 %), comparados con un gel comercial (72,21 %).
Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Annona muricata L. (guanábana) presentó la
mayor actividad cicatrizante en heridas incisas de ratas albinas machos.
Introduction: In military medicine, natural healing agents against incision wounds are relevant in the treatment of the military. Objective: To evaluate the healing activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Peperomia congona Sodiro (congona), Annona muricata L. (guanabana), Urtica urens L. (ortiga), Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks (huairuro), Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. (tuna) and Musa acuminata Colla (platano bellaco) in incised wounds of Rattus norvegicus albinus (albino rat). Methods: Experimental analytical study of prospective and longitudinal type. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the 6 extracts was carried out. We used 80 male albino rats, randomized and distributed in 8 groups (n = 10). A dermal application was made during 10 consecutive days after the generation of incised wounds that were made on the back. Group I (0.9% sodium chloride). Group II (commercial healing gel). From Group III to VIII they were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of congona, guanábana, ortiga, huairuro, tuna and platano bellaco respectively. The evolution of healing was followed on days 1, 5 and 11 and measured in millimeters. Results: The presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids was detected in the 6 extracts;in addition to coumarins in congona, tannins in guanábana, nettle, tuna and huayruro, quinonas in guanábana and plantain bellaco. The healing activity was verified in the extracts of guanabana (69.77 %), tuna (66.27 %), platano bellaco (64.38 %), ortiga (56.73 %), congona (55.74 %) and huayruro (54.50 %), compared with a commercial gel (72.21 %). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Annona muricata L. (guanábana) showed the highest healing activity in incised wounds of male albino rats.
Introduction: In military medicine, natural healing agents against incision wounds are relevant in the treatment of the military. Objective: To evaluate the healing activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Peperomia congona Sodiro (congona), Annona muricata L. (guanabana), Urtica urens L. (ortiga), Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks (huairuro), Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill. (tuna) and Musa acuminata Colla (platano bellaco) in incised wounds of Rattus norvegicus albinus (albino rat). Methods: Experimental analytical study of prospective and longitudinal type. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the 6 extracts was carried out. We used 80 male albino rats, randomized and distributed in 8 groups (n = 10). A dermal application was made during 10 consecutive days after the generation of incised wounds that were made on the back. Group I (0.9% sodium chloride). Group II (commercial healing gel). From Group III to VIII they were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of congona, guanábana, ortiga, huairuro, tuna and platano bellaco respectively. The evolution of healing was followed on days 1, 5 and 11 and measured in millimeters. Results: The presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids was detected in the 6 extracts;in addition to coumarins in congona, tannins in guanábana, nettle, tuna and huayruro, quinonas in guanábana and plantain bellaco. The healing activity was verified in the extracts of guanabana (69.77 %), tuna (66.27 %), platano bellaco (64.38 %), ortiga (56.73 %), congona (55.74 %) and huayruro (54.50 %), compared with a commercial gel (72.21 %). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Annona muricata L. (guanábana) showed the highest healing activity in incised wounds of male albino rats.
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Keywords
heridas, actividad cicatrizante, Peperomia congona Sodiro, Annona muricata L., Urtica urens L., Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill, Musa acuminata colla, wounds, scar activity, Peperomia congona Sodiro, Annona muricata L., Urtica urens L., Ormosia coccinea (Aubl) Jacks, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Musa acuminata colla