Intervención fisioterapéutica de control de cabeza y tronco en niños con parálisis cerebral espástica GMFCS IV bajo el enfoque general de NDT
Date
2019-06-20
Authors
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Publisher
Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Abstract
La parálisis cerebral corresponde al cuadro discapacitante más frecuente en la edad pediátrica.
La parálisis cerebral es un padecimiento que dificulta completamente el control del sistema
motor, esto causara espasmos o rigidez de los músculos, movimientos involuntarios y trastornos
en la postura y movilidad del cuerpo.
La situación en la que se encuentran los músculos y las articulaciones en la parálisis cerebral
infantil se debe a la incorrecta coordinación en las órdenes que provienen del encéfalo. Este
cuadro patológico afecta a la postura, el equilibrio y el movimiento, como consecuencia, los
músculos predominantes, para mantener la postura erguida, simétrica, con buen equilibrio y
movimientos controlables, están con falta de tono, son débiles o, por el contrario están
excesivamente tensos.
El método de neurodesarrollo nos muestra cómo trata de inhibir la actividad postural refleja
anormal y facilita los movimientos automáticos normales siguiendo la secuencia natural del
desarrollo, facilitando los movimientos funcionales para ayudar en las actividades de la vida
diaria.
El sistema de la clasificación de la función motora gruesa (GMFCS) para la parálisis cerebral
está basado en el movimiento auto-iniciado por el paciente con énfasis en la sedestación (control
del tronco), las transferencias y la movilidad.
Este enfoque terapéutico implica el posicionamiento pasivo o cambiante del niño por el terapeuta
en posturas ideadas para reducir la espasticidad, proporcionando al niño sensaciones de
movimiento normal al facilitar también las reacciones de enderezamiento y equilibrio a través de
distintas maniobras.
La importancia de este trabajo enfatiza que a través de diferentes maniobras del método de
neurodesarrollo se puede obtener un efecto positivo en la función motora en niños con parálisis
cerebral espástica.
Cerebral palsy corresponds to the picture. Cerebral palsy is a condition that completely hinders the control of the motor system, this is cause of muscle spasms or stiffness, involuntary movements and disorders in the posture and mobility of the body. The situation in which muscles and joints are found in infantile cerebral palsy. This pathological picture is related to posture, balance and movement, as the practice, the predominant muscles, to maintain the upright posture, the symmetrical, the good balance and the controllable movements, are with lack of tone, are weak or, on the contrary, they are excessively tense. The neurodevelopmental method shows us how to inhibit abnormal postural activity and facilitates normal automatic movements in the natural sequence of development, facilitating functional movements to help in the activities of daily life. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) for cerebral palsy is based on selfinitiated movement by the patient with emphasis on sitting (trunk control), transfers and mobility. This therapeutic approach involves the passive or changing positioning of the child by the therapist in positions designed to reduce spasticity, on the contrary, by the child, by normality, on the contrary, by the reactions of straightening and balance through the different options The importance of this work emphasizes that through different maneuvers of the neurodevelopmental method, a positive effect on motor function can be obtained in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Cerebral palsy corresponds to the picture. Cerebral palsy is a condition that completely hinders the control of the motor system, this is cause of muscle spasms or stiffness, involuntary movements and disorders in the posture and mobility of the body. The situation in which muscles and joints are found in infantile cerebral palsy. This pathological picture is related to posture, balance and movement, as the practice, the predominant muscles, to maintain the upright posture, the symmetrical, the good balance and the controllable movements, are with lack of tone, are weak or, on the contrary, they are excessively tense. The neurodevelopmental method shows us how to inhibit abnormal postural activity and facilitates normal automatic movements in the natural sequence of development, facilitating functional movements to help in the activities of daily life. The gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) for cerebral palsy is based on selfinitiated movement by the patient with emphasis on sitting (trunk control), transfers and mobility. This therapeutic approach involves the passive or changing positioning of the child by the therapist in positions designed to reduce spasticity, on the contrary, by the child, by normality, on the contrary, by the reactions of straightening and balance through the different options The importance of this work emphasizes that through different maneuvers of the neurodevelopmental method, a positive effect on motor function can be obtained in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Description
Keywords
Parálisis cerebral, Reacciones de enderezamiento, neurodesarrollo, Espasticidad, Cerebral palsy, Straightening reactions, Neurodevelopment, Spasticity