Manipulación miofascial en la terapia física
Date
2019-04-02
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Abstract
La fascia es un tejido que últimamente ha tomado mucha importancia ya que tiene
diversas funciones de mucha importancia para el cuerpo, manteniendo su integridad
anatómica, cubriendo y revistiendo estructuras; organiza, separa y forma
compartimientos corporales; unifica, relaciona y conecta estructuras; apoya al sistema
nervioso, arterial, venoso y linfático; entre muchas otras diversas funciones, pero esta
puede verse afectada ya que ocurren cambios estructurales que pueden producirse por
diferentes motivos como: traumatismos directos, microtraumatismos, posturas viciosas,
inmovilización, etc; y para tener un buen diagnóstico debemos realizar una correcta
evaluación siguiendo un protocolo adecuado, donde se inicia observando las
consideraciones generales con una entrevista inicial, seguido dela evaluación postural y
por último, el examen palpatorio. Para el tratamiento de las disfunciones miofasciales
existen diversos enfoques y métodos, las cuales incluyen los métodos estructurales
teniendo como clasificación a la inducción miofascial y Anatomy Trains y los métodos
funcionales que tiene como clasificación el yoga y el método Feldenkrais. En la evidencia
la manipulación miofascial ha demostrado que en el tratamiento de los puntos gatillo y
en el dolor miofascial tiene efectos positivos, pero en el tratamiento específico para el
dolor cervical, la punción seca es el protocolo de tratamiento más acertado y eficaz, pero
se encuentra un mayor efecto cuando se combinan las dos técnicas. En la fibromialgia la
puncion seca tuvo mejores resultados frente a la liberación miofacial. En la miscelánea
de patologías la manipulación miofascial brindo muchos beneficios como alivio del
dolor, redujo contracturas, aumento la elasticidad y mejoro el arco de movimiento.
The fascia is a tissue that has recently become very important because it has various functions of great importance to the body, maintaining its anatomical integrity, covering structures; organizes, separates and forms body compartments; unifies, relates and connects structures; supports the nervous, arterial, venous and lymphatic systems; among many other functions, but this can be affected since structural changes can occur that can occur for different reasons such as: direct trauma, microtrauma, vicious postures, immobilization, etc; and to have a good diagnosis we must perform a correct evaluation following an appropriate protocol, where we start by observing the general considerations with an initial interview, followed by the postural evaluation and finally, the palpation examination. For the treatment of myofascial dysfunctions, there are several approaches and methods, which include structural methods with classification of myofascial induction and Anatomy Trains and functional methods that are classified as the yoga and the Feldenkrais method. In the evidence myofascial manipulation has shown that in the treatment of trigger points and myofascial pain has positive effects, but in the specific treatment for cervical pain, dry needling is the most successful and effective treatment protocol, but finds a greater effect when the two techniques are combined. In fibromyalgia, dry puncture had better results in the face of myofacial release. In the miscellaneous of pathologies, myofascial manipulation offered many benefits such as pain relief, reduced contractures, increased elasticity and improved movement range.
The fascia is a tissue that has recently become very important because it has various functions of great importance to the body, maintaining its anatomical integrity, covering structures; organizes, separates and forms body compartments; unifies, relates and connects structures; supports the nervous, arterial, venous and lymphatic systems; among many other functions, but this can be affected since structural changes can occur that can occur for different reasons such as: direct trauma, microtrauma, vicious postures, immobilization, etc; and to have a good diagnosis we must perform a correct evaluation following an appropriate protocol, where we start by observing the general considerations with an initial interview, followed by the postural evaluation and finally, the palpation examination. For the treatment of myofascial dysfunctions, there are several approaches and methods, which include structural methods with classification of myofascial induction and Anatomy Trains and functional methods that are classified as the yoga and the Feldenkrais method. In the evidence myofascial manipulation has shown that in the treatment of trigger points and myofascial pain has positive effects, but in the specific treatment for cervical pain, dry needling is the most successful and effective treatment protocol, but finds a greater effect when the two techniques are combined. In fibromyalgia, dry puncture had better results in the face of myofacial release. In the miscellaneous of pathologies, myofascial manipulation offered many benefits such as pain relief, reduced contractures, increased elasticity and improved movement range.
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Keywords
Fascia, Terapia miofascial, Manipulación miofascial, Tejido conectivo, Terapia física, Myofascial therapy, Myofascial manipulation, Connective tissue, Physical therapy