Tratamiento fisioterapéutico en el síndrome doloroso femoropatelar
Date
2017-11-27
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Abstract
El síndrome patelofemoral se describe también como un dolor anterior de la rodilla, en ausencia de otra patología, el dolor anterior de rodilla que se exacerba con la sedestación prolongada, posición de rodillas, bajar y subir escaleras y posición de cuclillas, se define como síndrome doloroso patelofemoral. Las diversas causas que pueden provocar dolor anterior de rodilla, unido a la confusión que existe en cuánto a la terminología a utilizar para clasificar las alteraciones femoropatelares, generan la necesidad de establecer una serie de criterios que nos permitan unificar conceptos a la hora de emitir un diagnóstico para el paciente, que facilite el enfoque terapéutico.
A pesar de la extensa experiencia clínica y el estudio científico del dolor patelofemoral, la controversia persiste en cuanto a sus factores etiológicos y predisponentes para así llegar hacia un tratamiento adecuado según sea el caso. Esto se hace de mayor relevancia en cuanto a no existir un consenso en los factores predisponentes que revelan su patofisiología, y de esta correlacionarla con la etiología en sí. Las estadísticas internacionales revelan que la mayoría de personas en las que se ve dicha patología son físicamente activas. La morbilidad se asocia al nivel de actividad del paciente, principalmente aquellas que exigen demandas mayores en cuanto a la articulación patelofemoral. Esta patología se presenta con más frecuencia en el sexo femenino y se estima una prevalencia del 20% dentro de la comunidad estudiantil.
El tratamiento conservador se centró principalmente en la reeducación muscular, a menudo en combinación con otras modalidades, tales como estiramientos, vendajes funcionales, y aparatos ortopédicos.
Los objetivos se orientarán a disminuir el dolor, flexibilizar la musculatura acortada, fortalecer las debilidades musculares, recuperar la funcionalidad y reeducar posturalmente al paciente con una buena alineación del miembro inferior.
El manejo quirúrgico se debe reservar para aquellos pacientes que completaron un curso de manejo no quirúrgico durante, por lo menos 6 meses y tienen una mecánica femororrotuliana anormal, junto con el complejo de síntomas femororrotulianos
Patellofemoral syndrome is also described as anterior knee pain, in the absence of another pathology, anterior knee pain that is exacerbated by prolonged sitting, kneeling, lowering and climbing stairs and squatting, is defined as syndrome painful patellofemoral. The various causes that can cause anterior knee pain, together with the confusion that exists in terms of the terminology to be used to classify the patellofemoral alterations, generate the need to establish a series of criteria that allow us to unify concepts when issuing a diagnosis for the patient, which facilitates the therapeutic approach. Despite extensive clinical experience and the scientific study of patellofemoral pain, the controversy persists as to its etiological and predisposing factors in order to arrive at an appropriate treatment, as the case may be. This becomes more relevant in the absence of a consensus on the predisposing factors that reveal its pathophysiology, and of this correlation with the etiology itself. International statistics reveal that the majority of people in whom such pathology is seen are physically active. Morbidity is associated with the level of activity of the patient, mainly those that demand greater demands on the patellofemoral joint. This pathology occurs more frequently in females and a prevalence of 20% is estimated within the student community. Conservative treatment focused primarily on muscle re-education, often in combination with other modalities such as stretching, functional dressings, and orthopedic appliances. The objectives will be aimed at reducing pain, relaxing shortened muscles, strengthening muscle weaknesses, recovering functionality and postural re-education of the patient with a good alignment of the lower limb. Surgical management should be reserved for those patients who completed a non-surgical management course for at least 6 months and have abnormal patellofemoral mechanics along with the patellofemoral symptom complex
Patellofemoral syndrome is also described as anterior knee pain, in the absence of another pathology, anterior knee pain that is exacerbated by prolonged sitting, kneeling, lowering and climbing stairs and squatting, is defined as syndrome painful patellofemoral. The various causes that can cause anterior knee pain, together with the confusion that exists in terms of the terminology to be used to classify the patellofemoral alterations, generate the need to establish a series of criteria that allow us to unify concepts when issuing a diagnosis for the patient, which facilitates the therapeutic approach. Despite extensive clinical experience and the scientific study of patellofemoral pain, the controversy persists as to its etiological and predisposing factors in order to arrive at an appropriate treatment, as the case may be. This becomes more relevant in the absence of a consensus on the predisposing factors that reveal its pathophysiology, and of this correlation with the etiology itself. International statistics reveal that the majority of people in whom such pathology is seen are physically active. Morbidity is associated with the level of activity of the patient, mainly those that demand greater demands on the patellofemoral joint. This pathology occurs more frequently in females and a prevalence of 20% is estimated within the student community. Conservative treatment focused primarily on muscle re-education, often in combination with other modalities such as stretching, functional dressings, and orthopedic appliances. The objectives will be aimed at reducing pain, relaxing shortened muscles, strengthening muscle weaknesses, recovering functionality and postural re-education of the patient with a good alignment of the lower limb. Surgical management should be reserved for those patients who completed a non-surgical management course for at least 6 months and have abnormal patellofemoral mechanics along with the patellofemoral symptom complex
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Keywords
Dolor femoropatelar, Dolor anterior de rodilla, Patela, Patellofemoral pain, Anterior knee pain, Patella