Región geniana
Date
2017-09-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Abstract
La región geniana (de gena, mejillas) es una región irregularmente cuadrilátera alargada, de diámetro mayor vertical, es par y que ocupa las partes laterales de la cara. Se extiende desde la superficie hasta la mucosa bucal. Es de fácil exploración se puede inspeccionar por palpación bimanual o con una sola mano con los dedos en forma de pinza.
Presenta límites superficiales por arriba con el reborde inferior de la órbita, por abajo con el borde inferior de la mandíbula, por fuera con el borde anterior del masetero, por dentro con el surco labiogeniano y profundamente se extiende hasta los maxilares; además presenta una forma externa de dos caras: una lateral cutánea y otra medial mucosa; así como los planos constitutivos que presenta: piel, tejido celular subcutáneo, capa muscular, capa submuscular y plano esquelético.
Es muy importante conocer las inserciones del músculo buccinador, lo que brindará la localización y difusión de los procesos infecciosos originados en los molares, conociendo así a la región geniana superior y región geniana inferior.
Los vasos y nervios de la región geniana se extienden la mayoría por el tejido celular subcutáneo y en el espesor de la capa muscular superficial. Las arterias, muy numerosas, provienen de la lagrimal, la infraorbitaria, la alveolar, la bucal, la transversal de la cara y la facial; siendo esta última la más importante de todas. Las venas terminan por dentro, en la vena facial, por fuera, en la vena temporal superficial y profundamente, en el plexo pterigoideo. Los linfáticos, excepto los del pómulo, que se dirigen a los ganglios parotídeos, descienden junto con la arteria y la vena facial a los ganglios submaxilares. Los nervios se distinguen en motores y sensitivos: los ramos motores, destinados a los músculos, son proporcionados por el 2 facial; los ramos sensitivos, destinados a los tegumentos, provienen del lagrimal, del bucal, del maxilar superior.
The genian region (gena, cheeks) is an elongated irregularly quadrilateral region, with a larger vertical diameter, is even and occupies the lateral sides of the face. It extends from the surface to the buccal mucosa. It is of easy exploration can be inspected by palimping bimanual or with only one hand with the fingers in the form of clamp. It has upper surface boundaries with the lower rim of the orbit, below with the lower edge of the mandible, outside with the anterior border of the masseter, inside with the labiogeniano groove and deeply extends to the jaws; also presents an external form of two faces: a cutaneous lateral and another medial mucosa; as well as the constitutive planes that presents: skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, muscular layer, submuscular layer and skeletal plane. It is very important to know the insertions of the buccinator muscle, which will provide the localization and dissemination of the infectious processes originated in the molars, thus knowing the upper genian region and lower genian region. The vessels and nerves of the genian region extend most by subcutaneous cellular tissue and in the thickness of the superficial muscular layer. The arteries, very numerous, come from the tear, the infraorbital, the alveolar, the buccal, the transverse of the face and the facial; the latter being the most important of all. The veins terminate inside, in the facial vein, on the outside, in the superficial and deep temporal vein, in the pterygoid plexus. Lymphatics, except those of the cheekbone, which go to the parotid glands, descend along the artery and the facial vein to the 3 submaxillary ganglia. The nerves are distinguished in motors and sensitives: the motor branches, destined to the muscles, are provided by the facial; the sensitive branches, destined for teguments, come from the lacrimal, the buccal, the upper jaw.
The genian region (gena, cheeks) is an elongated irregularly quadrilateral region, with a larger vertical diameter, is even and occupies the lateral sides of the face. It extends from the surface to the buccal mucosa. It is of easy exploration can be inspected by palimping bimanual or with only one hand with the fingers in the form of clamp. It has upper surface boundaries with the lower rim of the orbit, below with the lower edge of the mandible, outside with the anterior border of the masseter, inside with the labiogeniano groove and deeply extends to the jaws; also presents an external form of two faces: a cutaneous lateral and another medial mucosa; as well as the constitutive planes that presents: skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, muscular layer, submuscular layer and skeletal plane. It is very important to know the insertions of the buccinator muscle, which will provide the localization and dissemination of the infectious processes originated in the molars, thus knowing the upper genian region and lower genian region. The vessels and nerves of the genian region extend most by subcutaneous cellular tissue and in the thickness of the superficial muscular layer. The arteries, very numerous, come from the tear, the infraorbital, the alveolar, the buccal, the transverse of the face and the facial; the latter being the most important of all. The veins terminate inside, in the facial vein, on the outside, in the superficial and deep temporal vein, in the pterygoid plexus. Lymphatics, except those of the cheekbone, which go to the parotid glands, descend along the artery and the facial vein to the 3 submaxillary ganglia. The nerves are distinguished in motors and sensitives: the motor branches, destined to the muscles, are provided by the facial; the sensitive branches, destined for teguments, come from the lacrimal, the buccal, the upper jaw.
Description
Keywords
Región bucal, Región de las mejillas, Músculo buccinador, Bola adiposa de bichat, Nervio facial, Buccal region, Cheek region, Buccinator muscle, Bichat adipose ball, Facial nerve