Región posterior del cuello
Date
2017-09-05
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Abstract
La región posterior del cuello es aquella en la que podemos encontrar las vértebras cervicales, la medula espinal, los nervios cervicales y los músculos relacionados a la columna vertebral. Representa importancia para la odontología ya que la activación y descanso de ciertos músculos de la región pueden variar exámenes diagnósticos tales como el de dimensión vertical. También está relacionado a través del estudio de la ergonomía y está aplicado tanto para el profesional como para el paciente por lo que el estudio de su anatomía es importante para la atención diaria. Está dividida topográficamente en 4 planos empezando por la piel, seguida por el tejido celular subcutáneo, la fascia de la nuca y finalmente la capa subaponeurótica. Esta última capa topográfica se divide en 4, los cuales engloban en la totalidad de músculos que se encuentran en esta región del más superficial al más profundo. La inervación sensitiva de la región posterior del cuello esta dado tanto por ramas anteriores como posteriores las cuales van a formar a los nervios occipital mayor y menor, tercer nervio occipital y las ramas posteriores de C4 y C5, mientras que la inervación motora va a llevarse a cabo principalmente por ramas posteriores tales como el nervios suboccipital y una rama del nervio occipital mayor. La irrigación arterial se va a dar por ramas de la arteria subclavia tales como la arteria vertebral, transversa del cuello, intercostal suprema y cervical profunda; y por la arteria occipital que es la única rama de la carótida común incluida en la región posterior del cuello. El drenaje venoso se llevara a cabo por la vena occipital, vertebral, cervical profunda y yugular externa.
CONCLUSIONES: Los dolores tanto en la zona cervical como dorsal que se pueden presentar durante o después de los tratamientos, son causados por una hiperactivación de los músculos, favorecidas por malas posturas durante la realización de nuestras actividades. El cuello en general presenta una gran cantidad de planos, los cuales pueden acumular material purulento en caso de producirse una infección, ya sea, por un objeto ubicado en la zona afectada o como resultado de un proceso infeccioso en una estructura adyacente.
The posterior region of the neck is where we can find the cervical vertebrae, the spinal cord, the cervical nerves and the muscles related to the spine. It is important for dentistry because the activation and rest of certain muscles of the region can vary diagnostic tests such as the vertical dimension. It is also related through the study of ergonomics and is applied to both the professional and the patient so the study of their anatomy is important for daily care. It is divided topographically into 4 planes beginning with the skin, followed by the subcutaneous cellular tissue, the fascia of the nape and finally the subaponeurotic layer. This last topographic layer is divided into 4, which includes all the muscles located in this region, from the most superficial to the deepest. Sensory innervation of the posterior neck region is given by both anterior and posterior branches which will form the major and minor occipital nerves, third occipital nerve and the posterior branches of C4 and C5, while motor innervation is performed mainly by posterior branches such as the suboccipital nerves and a branch of the major occipital nerve. Arterial irrigation is due to branches of the subclavian artery such as the vertebral, transverse artery of the neck, supreme intercostal and deep cervical; and by the occipital artery which is the only branch of the common carotid included in the posterior region of the neck. The venous drainage will be carried through the occipital, vertebral, deep cervical, and external jugular veins. CONCLUSIONS: The pain in the cervical or dorsal area that can occur during or after the treatments are caused by a hyperactivation of the muscles, favored by bad postures during the performance of our activities. The neck generally has a large number of planes, which can accumulate purulent material in case of infection, either by an object located in the affected area or as a result of an infectious process in an adjacent structure.
The posterior region of the neck is where we can find the cervical vertebrae, the spinal cord, the cervical nerves and the muscles related to the spine. It is important for dentistry because the activation and rest of certain muscles of the region can vary diagnostic tests such as the vertical dimension. It is also related through the study of ergonomics and is applied to both the professional and the patient so the study of their anatomy is important for daily care. It is divided topographically into 4 planes beginning with the skin, followed by the subcutaneous cellular tissue, the fascia of the nape and finally the subaponeurotic layer. This last topographic layer is divided into 4, which includes all the muscles located in this region, from the most superficial to the deepest. Sensory innervation of the posterior neck region is given by both anterior and posterior branches which will form the major and minor occipital nerves, third occipital nerve and the posterior branches of C4 and C5, while motor innervation is performed mainly by posterior branches such as the suboccipital nerves and a branch of the major occipital nerve. Arterial irrigation is due to branches of the subclavian artery such as the vertebral, transverse artery of the neck, supreme intercostal and deep cervical; and by the occipital artery which is the only branch of the common carotid included in the posterior region of the neck. The venous drainage will be carried through the occipital, vertebral, deep cervical, and external jugular veins. CONCLUSIONS: The pain in the cervical or dorsal area that can occur during or after the treatments are caused by a hyperactivation of the muscles, favored by bad postures during the performance of our activities. The neck generally has a large number of planes, which can accumulate purulent material in case of infection, either by an object located in the affected area or as a result of an infectious process in an adjacent structure.
Description
Keywords
Región posterior del cuello, Nuca, Músculos, Vertebras, Inervación, Irrigación, Posterior región of the neck, Nape, Muscles, Vertebrae, Innervation, Irrigation